RI    As an advanced practice nurse assisting physicians in

RI    As an advanced practice nurse assisting physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders, it is important to not only understand the impact of disorders on the body, but also the impact of drug treatments on the body. The relationships between drugs and the body can be described by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body. Photo Credit: Getty Images/Ingram Publishing When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (i.e., diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease. For this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and consider how a patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes may alter his or her response to a drug. To Prepare Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug. Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease. Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history in your case study. Post a description of the patient case from your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practice from the last 5 years. Then, describe factors that might have influenced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patient you identified. Finally, explain details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing factors and patient history in your case. Be specific and provide examples Discussion Post. Respond to this discussion . 2 citations APA 7th edition Advanced nurse practitioners need to be knowledgeable about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics when assisting in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders. Pharmacodynamics explains the relationship between drug concentration and drug response and pharmacokinetics describes the relationship between the rates of change of drug concentrations in various parts of the body (Corrie & Hardman, 2020). The purpose of this discussion is to review a patient’s case that was observed and examine how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors alter the patient’s response to a drug administered and what the patient’s personalized plan of care entails.  Patient Case.  The patient a 70-year-old was admitted for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The patient had a history of alcohol abuse and chronic kidney disease, but no dialysis had been started yet. The patient had a low-grade fever (temperature was 99.5), occasional coughing, and no complaints of pain. Blood work was ordered which revealed elevated white blood cells, creatine, and BUN levels. After blood cultures were drawn, antibiotics were ordered and started.  Factors Affecting the Patient’s Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Processes  Levofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone antibiotic) was ordered to be given intravenously. For elderly patients, with renal impairment, dosage adjustments should be necessary to prevent drug-related toxicity because levofloxacin is primarily renally eliminated as an unchanged moiety (Cojutti et al., 2017). When prescribing new medications particularly for the elderly, extra consideration should be taken and monitoring done for expected and adverse effects (Cojutti et al., 2017). The physiological changes of aging have a substantial impact on prescribing practices for the elderly, thus beginning a new medication at low doses and gradually increasing it, takes into account the potential of an increased effect or toxicity of the drug, and the impact of decreased elimination, altered volume of distribution and longer half-life (McKearney & Coleman, 2020).  Plan of Care  The plan of care for the patient would include laboratory monitoring to monitor for deteriorating renal function, regular medication review to assess the effectiveness of the drug, and any adverse effects.  Nonessential polypharmacy would be avoided, and holistic therapeutic care provided to the patient (McKearney & Coleman, 2020). Ensuring that the patient is safe and frequently educated on any therapy changes will be attained.   References  Cojutti, P. G., Ramos-Martin, V., Schiavon, I., Rossi, P., Baraldo, M., Hope, W., & Pea, F. (2017). Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Levofloxacin in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients with Various Degrees of Renal Function. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 61(3), e02134-16. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02134-16.   Corrie, K., & Hardman, J. G. (2020). Mechanisms of drug interactions: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 21(5), 219–222.  McKearney, K., & Coleman, J. J. (2020).  Prescribing medicines for elderly patients. Medicine, 48(7), 463–467. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.04.004

HireProWriter
Order NOW For A 10% Discount!
Pages (550 words)
Approximate price: -

Why Choose Us

High Quality, 100% Original, and Well-Researched Papers

HireProWriter always ensures that our writers follow all your instructions precisely. You can pick your academic level: high school, college/university, or professional, and we will assign a writer matching your field or discipline

Professional and Experienced Academic Writers

Our Company has a team of professional writers with experience in business articles, academic papers, and research. The majority are native speakers and capable of tackling any task for which you need assistance.

Free Unlimited Revisions

If you think we missed something in your paper, no worries. Send your order for a free revision. We give you up to 10 days to submit the order for review after you have received the final document. You can do this yourself after logging in to your account or get help from our support.

Prompt Delivery and 100% Money-Back-Guarantee

All papers are always delivered on time. If we need an extension to master your paper, we will contact you on time regarding the deadline extension. In case you cannot provide us with more time, a 100% refund is guaranteed.

Original & Confidential

100% plagiarism-free work! We use premium writing tools to check plagiarism. Our professional editors carefully review all quotations in the text. Besides, we guarantee maximum confidentiality in all of our services.

Customer Support 24/7

Our support team is available 24/7. We are dedicated to giving the best customer experience. Feel free to get in touch any time for assistance.

Try it now!

Calculate the price of your order

We'll send you the first draft for approval by at
Total price:
$0.00

How it works?

Follow these simple steps to get your paper done

Place your order

Fill in the order form and provide all details of your assignment.

Proceed with the payment

Choose the payment system that suits you most.

Receive the final file

Once your paper is ready, we will email it to you.

Our Services

HireProWriter offers all kinds of writing services.

Essays

Essay Writing Services

No matter what kind of academic assistance you need and how urgent it is, you are welcome to choose your academic level and the type of paper at a reasonable cost. HireProWriter takes care of all your educational paper needs with a 24/7 customer care support system.

Admissions

Admission Essays

An admission essay is an essay or other written statement by a candidate, often a potential student enrolling in a college, university, or graduate school. You don't have to worry about writing a presentable college admission essay. You can be assured that through our services, we will write the best admission essay for you.

Editing

Editing and Proofreading

Our Team (academic writers and editors) make the necessary adjustments to your essay/paper so that it is polished. Besides, we format your document by correctly quoting the sources and creating reference lists per the chosen formats (APA, Harvard, MLA, Chicago / Turabian).

Coursework

Revision Support

We value our clients' feedback. Our system is designed to ensure that we deliver quality work through the collaborative efforts of our team and clients. If you need an improvement in your paper, you are free to request a revision. In such a case, your paper will be rechecked by the writer or assigned to an editor. Your Satisfaction is our Concern!